312/2 · GEOGRAPHY · Paper 2 · Nov. 2024 · 2¾ hours
Instructions: This paper has two sections, A and B. Answer all the questions in Section A. In Section B, answer question 6 and any other two questions.
Section A (25 marks)
1. (a) Give two economic factors that influence agriculture. (2 marks)
(b) State three ways in which wheat farming is important to the economy of Kenya. (3 marks)
2. (a) Apart from wildlife, give two inland tourist attractions in Kenya. (2 marks)
(b) State three ways in which human activities influence the distribution of wildlife. (3 marks)
3. (a) Give two uses of natural gas. (2 marks)
(b) Describe how coal is formed. (3 marks)
4. (a) What is a tertiary industry? (2 marks)
(b) Give three reasons why some industries are located near sources of water. (3 marks)
5. (a) Apart from fertility, give two other factors that influence population growth in Kenya. (2 marks)
(b) State three factors that have contributed to reduction of fertility rate in Kenya. (3 marks)
Section B (75 marks)
Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section.
6. The table below shows quantities of principal domestic mineral exports (000 tonnes) in Kenya from 2017 to 2021. Use it to answer questions (a)(i), (ii) and (b).
| Minerals | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cement | 388 000 | 144 000 | 62 000 | 120 000 | 173 000 |
| Soda Ash | 343 000 | 294 000 | 255 000 | 228 000 | 303 000 |
| Titanium Ore and Concentrates | 534 000 | 564 000 | 426 000 | 400 000 | 445 000 |
| Salt | 320 000 | 312 000 | 266 000 | 265 000 | 266 000 |
Source: Economic Survey of Kenya, 2021
(a) (i) What is the difference in soda ash exports between 2017 and 2021? (1 mark)
(ii) Calculate the average export of cement for 2019 and 2020. (2 marks)
(b) Using a scale of 1 cm to represent 100,000 (000) tonnes, draw a multiple bar graph to present mineral exports from 2018 to 2021. (7 marks)
(c) (i) What is balance of trade? (2 marks)
(ii) Explain four ways through which the government of Kenya is promoting export trade. (8 marks)
(d) State five challenges facing the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). (5 marks)
7. (a) (i) Name three species of indigenous hardwood trees in Kenya. (3 marks)
(ii) Explain three factors that favour the growth of natural forests in Kenya. (6 marks)
(b) Explain four ways used by the Government of Kenya to control human encroachment on natural forests. (8 marks)
(c) Explain four problems facing softwood forests in Canada. (8 marks)
8. (a) (i) Name two main areas where oil palm is grown in Nigeria. (2 marks)
(ii) State six conditions that favour the cultivation of oil palm in Nigeria. (6 marks)
(b) (i) Describe commercial cultivation of oil palm in Nigeria from planting to harvesting. (8 marks)
(ii) Give five uses of oil palm. (5 marks)
(c) Explain how each of the following problems affect oil palm farmers in Nigeria.
(i) Methods of farming. (2 marks)
(ii) Government policy. (2 marks)
9. (a) (i) Name three counties in the Rift Valley of Kenya where commercial beef ranching is practised. (3 marks)
(ii) Give two exotic breeds of beef cattle reared in Kenya. (2 marks)
(iii) Explain the measures taken by the Government of Kenya to resolve the following problems experienced in beef farming.
(I) Livestock-wildlife conflict. (4 marks)
(II) Poor quality animals. (4 marks)
(b) Explain three differences between beef farming in Kenya and Argentina. (6 marks)
(c) You intend to carry out a field study in a beef cattle farm within your local environment.
(i) Give two methods of data recording that you would use during the study. (2 marks)
(ii) State four benefits of beef farming to the local community that you are likely to find out during the study. (4 marks)
10. (a) (i) Name two international highways that link Kenya to other countries of Africa. (2 marks)
(ii) Explain four measures that the government of Kenya has put in place to improve road transport. (8 marks)
(b) Give five reasons why there is limited use of pipeline in transportation of petroleum in Africa. (5 marks)
(c) State five causes for the decline in the use of letter writing as a means of communication in Kenya. (5 marks)
(d) Outline five developments that have taken place in Kenya to improve information communication. (5 marks)