311/2 · HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT · Paper 2 · Nov. 2023 · 2½ hours
Instructions: This paper consists of three sections, A, B and C. Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.
Section A (25 marks)
Answer all the questions in this section.
1. Identify two branches of History. (2 marks)
2. Give the current stage in the evolution of human beings. (1 mark)
3. Which was the first animal to be domesticated by the early human beings? (1 mark)
4. State two advantages of written messages as a form of communication. (2 marks)
5. Identify two factors that led to the decline of early urban centres in Africa. (2 marks)
6. Outline two uses of steel during the Industrial Revolution in Europe. (2 marks)
7. Give the main economic activity of the ancient city of Meroe. (1 mark)
8. Name one African community which participated in the Chimurenga War (1896–1897). (1 mark)
9. List two types of democracy. (2 marks)
10. Identify two methods used by the Europeans to acquire colonies in Africa. (2 marks)
11. Give one reason why the white settlers chose to establish self-government in Zimbabwe. (1 mark)
12. Name two military alliances which were formed during the Cold War. (2 marks)
13. Outline one reason why the United States of America did not join the First World War until 1917. (1 mark)
14. Name the event that marked the end of the Second World War in 1945. (1 mark)
15. Identify the philosophy that was adopted by Tanzania for her development. (1 mark)
16. Define the term Commonwealth. (1 mark)
17. Give two qualifications of a voter in Britain. (2 marks)
Section B (45 marks)
Answer any three questions from this section.
18. (a) Identify five animals domesticated in Mesopotamia during early agriculture. (5 marks)
(b) Discuss five effects of food shortage in Third World countries. (10 marks)
19. (a) State five roles played by the Tuaregs during the Trans-Saharan trade. (5 marks)
(b) Explain five ways which were used to acquire slaves during the Trans-Atlantic trade. (10 marks)
20. (a) Highlight five uses of gold in Africa during the pre-colonial period. (5 marks)
(b) Discuss five factors that led to industrialisation in Europe during the 19th century. (10 marks)
21. (a) State five duties of the Lukiiko among the Baganda during the pre-colonial period. (5 marks)
(b) Describe the social organisation of the Shona in the 19th century. (10 marks)
Section C (30 marks)
Answer any two questions from this section.
22. (a) Identify three organs of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). (3 marks)
(b) Discuss six challenges facing the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). (12 marks)
23. (a) Name three courts in the judicial system of India. (3 marks)
(b) Explain six functions of the Prime Minister of Britain. (12 marks)
24. (a) Outline three ways through which the United Nations promotes world peace. (3 marks)
(b) Discuss six political results of the First World War. (12 marks)