311/1 · HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT · Paper 1 · Dec. 2022 · 2½ hours
Instructions: This paper consists of three sections, A, B and C. Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.
Section A (25 marks)
1. Identify two groups which belong to the Highland Bantus in Kenya. (2 marks)
2. Give the origin of the Southern Cushites who settled in Kenya during the pre-colonial period. (1 mark)
3. State two functions of the Oloibon among the Maasai in the 19th century. (2 marks)
4. State the main purpose of the Bill of Rights in Kenya. (1 mark)
5. State two ways in which the use of Kiswahili promotes unity in Kenya. (2 marks)
6. Name the first African to be appointed a Government Minister in Kenya during the colonial period. (1 mark)
7. Identify one House of Parliament created by the Independence Constitution of Kenya. (1 mark)
8. State two rights of a child contained in the Constitution of Kenya. (2 marks)
9. Highlight two methods which were used by the British to establish colonial rule in Kenya. (2 marks)
10. Identify two roles played by medicine men among the Kenyan communities during the pre-colonial period. (2 marks)
11. Identify one feature of the education provided by the missionaries in Kenya during the colonial period. (1 mark)
12. Highlight two similar demands of the Ukamba Members Association and the Taita Hills Association to the colonial government. (2 marks)
13. Give one reason why African trade unions were not in existence in Kenya before 1914. (1 mark)
14. Highlight the main contribution of Wangari Maathai to the development of Kenya. (1 mark)
15. Identify the political party that was formed by Oginga Odinga in 1966. (1 mark)
16. Give two categories of members of the National Assembly in Kenya. (2 marks)
17. Name the institution that makes laws at the county level in Kenya. (1 mark)
Section B (45 marks)
Answer any three questions from this section.
18. (a) Identify five sub-groups of the Mijikenda in Kenya. (5 marks)
(b) Explain five economic activities of the Mijikenda during the 19th century. (10 marks)
19. (a) Give five levels of colonial administration in Kenya. (5 marks)
(b) Discuss five problems faced by workers during the construction of the Uganda Railway. (10 marks)
20. (a) Give five achievements of the early political associations in Kenya up to 1939. (5 marks)
(b) Describe five factors responsible for the Mau Mau uprising in Kenya. (10 marks)
21. (a) Outline five factors which enabled the Nandi to resist the British invasion for a long period. (5 marks)
(b) Explain five results of the collaboration between the British and the Wanga during the colonial period. (10 marks)
Section C (30 marks)
Answer any two questions from this section.
22. (a) Identify five elective positions in a general election in Kenya. (5 marks)
(b) Discuss five limitations of parliamentary supremacy in Kenya. (10 marks)
23. (a) State three circumstances which may cause the office of the County Governor to become vacant in Kenya. (3 marks)
(b) Explain six functions of the President of the Republic of Kenya. (12 marks)
24. (a) Identify three funds into which the Government of Kenya deposits its revenue. (3 marks)
(b) Discuss six indirect taxes levied by the National Government of Kenya. (12 marks)